Arati Prabhakar is cofounder and CEO of Actuate, a nonprofit organization to research and demonstrate breakthrough solutions for societal challenges. Arati has been a Berggruen Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a partner at U.S. Venture Partners, and director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). She holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Texas Tech University and an M.S. in electrical engineering and a Ph.D. in applied physics from the California Institute of Technology. She is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.